Makalah Bahasa Inggris Semester 1

Chapter I

Greeting adalah suatu ucapan selamat untuk event yang sangat special dalam hidup sesorang. seperti perkawinan, kelahiran , kematian , dan segala hal yang membahagiakan . Greeting dapat diucapkan melalui SMS, email, via telephone , internet dll.

Greeting and leave taking

          Greeting is a kind of question or statement to begin a conversation .

                                                                                                           

Informal greetings	Response
-     Hi, how is life ? -     What’s news ? -     How’s everything ? -     How’s are you doing ? -     Good to see you ? -     Long time no see	-     Terrific, and you ? -     Just fine , thanks . -     Great, thanks -     All right thanks. -     Pretty well. What about you ? -     Not bad -     So – so

Formal greetings	Response
-       G  Good morning (00.00 a.m until 12.00 p.m ) -       Good afternoon ( 12.00 p.m until 06.00   p.m ) -       Good evening (06.00 p.m until 09.00 p.m ) -       Helo , how are you ? Etc	-       Hello -       Hello , good afternoon -       Good evening -       I’m fine , thank you -       Very well , thanks Etc

Example :

Edgar    : good morning , yan how are you ?

Yanyan : I’m fine . thank you . how are you ?

Edgar    : I’m fine too . how is your family ?

Yanyan : they’re fine . thank you .

Edgar    : nice to hear that .

Leave takings	Responses
-          Sorry, I have to go now . -          I’ll talk to you later -          It’s been nice talking to you . -          Good bye and give my regard to mr…../mrs… -          Bye – bye / bye -          See you tomorrow/later/agin. -          Take care yourself	-          Yes, of caurse,it was nice to see you -          Sure. See you later -          So long -          Keep in touch -          Bye -          See you -          Hope so . Etc

                There are some situations that make an introducing : introducing oneself ; introducibg someone.

                Read these dialogues, then practice them !

1.         Introducing oneself

a.    Mr. robinson    : let me to introduce myself ?

                         I’m George robinson .

Francis         : how do you do . I’m francis Matthews.

Mr. robinson   : I’m glad to meet you francis .

Francis         : I’m glad to meet you too mr.robinson.

                       Thank you

b.     Novi  : hello, my name is novi .

Koko : hello, I’m koko.

Novi  : nice to meet you.

Koko : nice to meet you too. Thank you

2.      Introducing others

a.       Tabita         : mr. evendi, please allow me to introduce you to mr. rahmat.

                          Mr. rahmat, this is mr. efendi. Mr.effendi , this is rahmat .

Mr.efendi     : haw do you do ?

Mr.rahmat          : haw do you do ? it’s nice to meet you .

Mr.effendi    : it’s nice to meet you too. Thank you .

b.         Gaby : hi , boby . I would like to introduce my sister, her name is tabita .

Boby : how do you do , tabita ?

Tabita : how do you do ? glad to see you.

Boby : Glad to see you, too.

Study these expressions !

Introducing oneself	Responses
Formal -         How do you do, I’m Tabita -         May I introduce my self, I’m Tabita -         Good morning, my name is Gabriel -         Let me introduce myself. My name is Bita.  Informal -         Hi, I am Novi. -         Hello, my name is Bimo.	- How do you do? My name is Gabriel. Nice to meet you. - Good morning, I’m Tabita. How do you do ? - hi, I’m Gabriel. Glad to meet you. - Hello. My name is Gabriel. Pleased to meet you.

Introducing other	Responses
Formal -         May I introduce… -         Allow me to introduce… -         I’d like to introduce you… -         I’d like to meet you… -         Iwant to introduce you… Informal -         This is… -         These are… -         Have you met… -         Do you know…	-         Hi, glad to meet you. I’m… -         Hello,….Pleased to meet you. -         I’m glad to know you. -         It’s nice to meet you. -         How do you do ? -         No, I don’t think so. -         No, I haven’t.

Expressing Thanking

   The expressions of thanking and responses, such as:

Thanking

Responses

-          Thanks -          Thank you -          Thanks a lot -          Thanks anyway -          Thank you very much -          Thank you so much -          Many thanks -          Thanks with all my7 heart -          I would like to say thanks to… -          I appreciate you… -          That is very kind of you -          Thanks you from the bottom of my heart. -          I am grateful for your,,,(kindness/goodness/help -          Thanks (a lot) for your help. -          Thanks for helping me. -          It was very kind of you to help me. -          How very kind of you. Etc.

-          You are welcome. -          No problem. -          It’s OK/alright. -          Don’t mention it. -          I’m glad to like it. -          It was my pleasure. -          Not at all. -          With pleasure. -          It’s no trouble at all. -          Forget it. -          I’m glad Icould help you.

  Expressing Apologizing

Learen and practice some phrases used in asking for apologizing and the responses

Apologizing	Responses
-         I’m Sorry -         I’m realy sorry. -         Please ,forgive me! -         Sorry -         I’m Sorry that -         Forgive me, I’m Terribly  sorry about -         Please,acecept  my apologizefor -         I’m exstremely sorry for -         I would like to apologize for -         I apologize for -         I’m  sorry I didn’t  mean to Etc.	-         That OK -         It’s all right. -         Don’t worry.It’s OK -         It doesen’t  matter. -         I completely understand -         Oh.that ‘s all right. It can happen to anyone -         It’s not your fault -         Don’t worry about it -         No problem Etc.

Example :

1. Nita forgets to bring tono’s book

Nita  : ton, I’m so sorry,  I forget  to bring the book that l borrowed from you last       Monday .

Tono         : lt doesn’t matter. Bring it tomorrow.

2. In a classroom

Angga        : Good morning , sir.

Teacher      : Morning, Angga.

Angga        : I would like to apoiogize for being late to class.

Teacher      : why do you come late ?

Angga        : my motorbike had a flat tire on the way to school.

Teacher      : All right this time. Please be on time in the future.

Angga        : yes, I will. Thank you, Sir.

expressing asking for, giving and refusing permission

In expressing asking for, giving and refusing permission there are some common phrases such as 
Asking for permission :

• Can I...?
• Is it okay if...?
• May I...?
• Could I...?
• Would you mind if...?

Giving permission :

• Yes, you can.
• Sure.
• Go ahead.
• Yes, you may.
• I don't mind.
• No problem
•  

Refusing permission

• I'm afraid not.
• No, I think.
• No, you cannot.
• You couldn't do that.
• Sorry, you are not permitted.

Example :

andi  : can I smoke hre ?

arya  : yes . please do.

EXPRESSING REQUEST

A. Asking someone to do something:

· Can you give me the book?

· Could you phone me at 7 o’clock?

· Would you mind repairing my watch?

· Do you think you could take me to the shop

· I wonder if you could write me an application letter?

B. Asking someone for something:

· Can I borrow your pen?

· Could I have a seat?

· Can’t I sit beside you?

· May I use your computer?

The expression to accept it:

OK

Sure

All right

Certainly

It’s a pleasure

Example :

3. A: Would you helping me with my suitcase?

B: I’m sorry, but I’ve got a bad back.

4. A: Could I pass the salt please?

B: Yes, here you are.

EXPRESSION TO OFFER SOMETHING

Some expressions to offer something are :

·         Let me carry your book

·         Allow me to help you

·         Can I help you ?

·         Shall I carry your bag ?

·         Do you want me bring the camera with me ?

·         Would you like me prepare your stuff ?

Some of the responses are :

·         Thank you

·         That’s very kind of you

·         I’d appreciate that

·         You’re too kind

·         No , thanks . I can manage it.

Example :

your book ?

Luthfi : yes, of course

EXPRESSIONS OF SYMPATHY

·         I’am sorry to her that.

·         I’am sorry for your loss. My thoughts are with you and your family

·         I was deeply saddened to hear to hear of your loss.

·         You have my deepest sympathies on the death of your aunt

·         may the comfort of god help you during this difficult time.

Example :

Anggit      : hy icha ., why do you look sad ?

Icha        : my mom is sick, but I could not come because there was work to                    finish.

Anggit            : im sorry to hear it

Icha        : thank you.

EXPRESSING REGRET

a. expressing regret about someone’s personal circumstances

·          I’m sorry to hear about that

·         Oh. That’s soo bad, I’m sorry to hear it.

b. expressing regretabout a minor accident or event

·         What a pity

·         What a shame

·         What a nuisance

C. expressing shock or regret about a serious incident.

·         Goodness!

·         How awful !

·         How terrible !

·         How dreadful !

Example :

A : hy what’s up ?

B : look at the news ! recently the earthquake in Yogyakarta.

A : how terrible

CHAPTER II EXERCISES

the following text is for question 1 to 2

Greeting and Leave Taking

Hendri  :  "Good morning, Satya !"

            Satya      :  " Hello ! Morning, Hendrii !"

      Hendri    :  "…?”

      Satya      :  "Just fine, thanks

      Hendri    :  "What are you doing here ?" 

      Satya     :  " I am looking for some books to write my homework."

      Hendri    :   " Well, good luck then. I have to leave now

                         See you later !"

        Satya     :  “…”    

1. Hendry :…?

a. I’m sorry to hear it       

b. “how are you doing ? “   

c. “what are you doing ?

d. “what’s your name ?

2. satya : …?

a. “nice too met you”

b. “no problem”

c. “thank you”

d. “ see you “

Expressing thanking

3.    Anggit      : Hello, Anggit speaking.
      Riko        : Hello. This is Riko . May I speak to your sister?
      Anggit            : She just stepped out. I think she’s next door. I can call her                        if you like.
      Riko        :”…  … …” I’ll phone again later. Good-bye.
      Anggit            : Good-bye

a. “thank you”               c. “no ,thank you”

b. “many thank”              d. “thanks for your help “

Expressing apology

At school

Sarah       : “Farhan, I do apologize that I couldn’t come to your birthday                  party yesterday.”

Farhan      : “….”. I know you were so busy in your boarding house.”

Sarah       : “Yeah, I got so much paper to finish.”

Farhan      : “It’s alright.”

4. farhan :”…”

a. “ No problem “

b. “ I’m sorry I can’t “

c. “ im sorry “

d.” thank you “

Expressing asking for, giving and refusing permission

A : hello B, how are you?
B : i'm fine, thank you. How about you?
A : yes, i'm too. It's a nice day today.
B : yes, i agree with you.
A : By the way, B may i kill you?
B : “…”, but why the h*ll you want to kill me?
A : Oh, that's because i just wanna do that.
B : is that so? alright, just do that now.
A : OK B, thank you.
B : you are welcome.

5. B : …

a. “ I’m sorry ican’t “

b. “ thank you “

c. “ yes of course “

d. “ you are welcome “

Expressing Request

6.    A: Could you possible hold my umbrella for a minute?

      B:”…”.

Answer is … except

a. “ thank you “

b. “ ok “

c. “ sure“

d. “ of course “

Expression to offer something

7.   Tajram      : Can I help you carry most of your books?

      Lefi         : “…”

Expression of sympathy

 8. Rina : Hi, Doni. What's up? You look so sad.

      Doni : Yea, my grandpa died last night.

      Rina : Really? “…”

      Doni : Thanks.

Expressing regret

9. icha     : hi, what’s up ?

   Lefi      : “ look at the news ! there’s a bomb accident in JB hotel “

   Icha     : “…”

10. lefi     : I lost my bag at the airport yesterday .

    Anggit  : “…”

CHAPTER III KEY ANSWER

Number 1-10

1. (b)      = how are you doing ?

2.(d)       = see you

3.(c)       = no thank you

4.(a)       = no problem

5.(c)       = yes of course

6.(a)       = thank you

7. certainly

8.i take my symphaty to hear it .

9. how awful !

10.i’m sorry to hear it